@prefix cito: . @prefix dcterms: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix geo: . @prefix osgeo: . @prefix owl: . @prefix pleiades: . @prefix prov: . @prefix rdfs: . @prefix skos: . a ; rdfs:label "Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk"; rdfs:comment "The name of the ancient city of Arrapha is first attested in the time of the Neo-Sumerian empire. It later became part of the Akkadian empire. Its location is thought to be that of modern Kirkuk in northeastern Iraq."; foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf . a , ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "BAtlas 91 F2 Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk", "EncIs Kirkuk", "Iraq Significant Sites 043. Kirkuk (ancient: Arrapha)", "Ptol. (Nobbe: Hathi) 6.1.2", "RGTC 10 38 Arraphe", "TM GEO ID 41553: Arrapha (Kirkuk)", "Wikidata Q672905: Arrapha", "Wikipedia (English) Kirkuk"; dcterms:contributor , , , , , , , [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ], [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ]; dcterms:coverage "Kirkuk"; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description "The name of the ancient city of Arrapha is first attested in the time of the Neo-Sumerian empire. It later became part of the Akkadian empire. Its location is thought to be that of modern Kirkuk in northeastern Iraq."; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:subject "dare:ancient=1", "dare:feature=major settlement", "dare:major=1"; dcterms:title "Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk"; cito:citesAsRelated , ; cito:citesForInformation , , , , , ; owl:sameAs ; geo:lat 35.4701312062; geo:long 44.3958507884; skos:altLabel "Arrapachitis"@grc, "Arrapḫa"@akk, "Arrapḫa, Arrapha, Arrapkha, Arraphi, Arrapkhi"@akk, "Arrapḫu, Arraphu, Arrapkhu, Arrapḫum, Arraphum, Arrapkhum"@akk, "Kirkūk, Kirkuk"@arb, "Qalʿat Kirkūk, Qal'at Kirkuk, Qalat Kirkuk, Qala'at Kirkuk, Qalaat Kirkuk"@arb, "كركوك"@ar, "Arrapḫi", "Arrapḫum", "Karkha de Beth Seluk", "Kirkuk"; skos:inScheme ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 91 F2 Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk" ]; pleiades:hasFeatureType ; pleiades:hasLocation , , ; pleiades:hasName , , , , , , , , , , . a ; osgeo:asGeoJSON "{\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[44.3961704, 35.4678005], [44.3968999, 35.4679381], [44.3972272, 35.4681129], [44.3975329, 35.468316], [44.3976483, 35.4686415], [44.3980747, 35.4705813], [44.3981016, 35.4710641], [44.3979634, 35.4716888], [44.3977381, 35.4719433], [44.3974659, 35.4720875], [44.397203, 35.4721923], [44.3968745, 35.4722917], [44.3958566, 35.4724697], [44.3953724, 35.4725385], [44.3951726, 35.4725331], [44.3949915, 35.472508], [44.3948641, 35.4724348], [44.3947166, 35.4722851], [44.3941936, 35.4715053], [44.3937108, 35.4705507], [44.3936008, 35.4702252], [44.3934962, 35.4692029], [44.3935525, 35.4689386], [44.3942848, 35.4681697], [44.3951189, 35.4678966], [44.3961704, 35.4678005]]]}"; osgeo:asWKT "POLYGON ((44.3961704000000026 35.4678005000000027, 44.3968999000000011 35.4679380999999978, 44.3972272000000032 35.4681129000000013, 44.3975329000000016 35.4683160000000015, 44.3976483000000002 35.4686414999999968, 44.3980747000000022 35.4705812999999992, 44.3981015999999968 35.4710640999999995, 44.3979634000000019 35.4716888000000026, 44.3977380999999980 35.4719432999999995, 44.3974659000000003 35.4720875000000007, 44.3972029999999975 35.4721923000000032, 44.3968745000000027 35.4722916999999995, 44.3958566000000019 35.4724696999999978, 44.3953723999999994 35.4725384999999989, 44.3951726000000022 35.4725330999999997, 44.3949915000000033 35.4725079999999977, 44.3948640999999995 35.4724348000000020, 44.3947166000000024 35.4722851000000006, 44.3941936000000013 35.4715052999999969, 44.3937108000000009 35.4705506999999969, 44.3936008000000015 35.4702252000000016, 44.3934962000000013 35.4692028999999991, 44.3935524999999984 35.4689386000000013, 44.3942848000000012 35.4681696999999971, 44.3951188999999999 35.4678966000000031, 44.3961704000000026 35.4678005000000027))"; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "OSM Way 602684164"; dcterms:contributor ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description "Representative location based on OpenStreetMap"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:subject "ANE", "Cuneiform"; dcterms:title "OSM location of قلعة كركوك - قەڵای کەرکووک (Kirkuk Citadel)"; cito:citesAsDataSource ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "OpenStreetMap (Way 602684164, version 21, osm:changeset=130772196, 2023-01-02T05:17:47Z)" ] . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Ptol. (Nobbe: Hathi) 6.1.2"; dcterms:contributor , , , ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description ""; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Arrapachitis"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 91 F2 Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk" ]; pleiades:during ; pleiades:end_date 300; pleiades:nameRomanized "Arrapachitis"; pleiades:start_date -30 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "RGTC 10 38 Arraphe"; dcterms:contributor , , , ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description ""; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Arrapha"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 91 F2 Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk" ]; pleiades:during , ; pleiades:end_date -330; pleiades:nameAttested "Arrapḫa"@akk; pleiades:nameRomanized "Arrapha"; pleiades:start_date -750 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 1, p. 136)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Arrapḫa"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during , , ; pleiades:end_date -330; pleiades:nameRomanized "Arrapha", "Arraphi", "Arrapkha", "Arrapkhi", "Arrapḫa"; pleiades:start_date -1600 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 1, p. 136)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Arrapḫi"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during , ; pleiades:end_date -330; pleiades:nameRomanized "Arrapḫi"; pleiades:start_date -1600 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 1, p. 136)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Arrapḫu"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during ; pleiades:end_date -1600; pleiades:nameRomanized "Arraphu", "Arraphum", "Arrapkhu", "Arrapkhum", "Arrapḫu", "Arrapḫum"; pleiades:start_date -2000 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 1, p. 136)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Arrapḫum"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during ; pleiades:end_date -1600; pleiades:nameRomanized "Arrapḫum"; pleiades:start_date -2000 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Bryce 2009 pages 67-68", "Wikidata Q672905", "Wikipedia (Arabic) عرفة_(العراق)", "Wikipedia (English) Arrapha"; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description ""; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:subject "ANE", "Cuneiform"; dcterms:title "CIGS location of Kirkūk"; cito:citesForInformation , , , ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "Pleiades" ]; pleiades:during , ; pleiades:end_date 1000; pleiades:start_date -2000 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "DARMC 22425"; dcterms:contributor , , , ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description "Representative point location digitized from the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World by the Digital Atlas of Roman and Medieval Civilizations project at Harvard University."; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "DARMC location 22425"; cito:citesAsDataSource ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "DARMC OBJECTID: 22425" ]; pleiades:during , , , , ; pleiades:end_date 640; pleiades:start_date -750 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , , ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description ""; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Karkha de Beth Seluk"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "Barrington Atlas: BAtlas 91 F2 Arrapha/Karkha de Beth Seluk" ]; pleiades:during , , ; pleiades:end_date 640; pleiades:nameRomanized "Karkha de Beth Seluk"; pleiades:start_date -330 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 2, p. 915)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Kirkuk"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during ; pleiades:end_date 2000; pleiades:nameRomanized "Kirkuk"; pleiades:start_date 1918 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 2, p. 915)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Kirkūk"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during , , , , , , , ; pleiades:end_date 2000; pleiades:nameRomanized "Kirkuk", "Kirkūk"; pleiades:start_date -2600000 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation "Wikidata Q672905: Arrapha", "Wikipedia (Arabic) عرفة_(العراق)", "Wikipedia (English) Arrapha"; dcterms:contributor ; dcterms:creator , ; dcterms:description ""; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:subject "ANE", "Cuneiform"; dcterms:title "Kirkūk"; cito:citesAsRelated ; cito:citesForInformation , ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "Pleiades" ]; pleiades:during ; pleiades:end_date 2100; pleiades:nameAttested "كركوك"@ar; pleiades:nameRomanized "Kirkūk"; pleiades:start_date 1700 . a ; dcterms:bibliographicCitation ""; dcterms:contributor , ; dcterms:creator [ a ; foaf:name "B. Siewert-Mayer" ], [ a ; foaf:name "W. Röllig" ], [ a ; foaf:name "H. Kopp" ]; dcterms:description "A place name from the TAVO Index (Vol. 3, p. 1275)"; dcterms:modified "2023-01-17T12:03:50-04:00"; dcterms:title "Qalʿat Kirkūk"; cito:cites ; owl:sameAs ; prov:wasDerivedFrom [ rdfs:label "TAVO Index" ]; pleiades:during , ; pleiades:end_date -1600; pleiades:nameRomanized "Qal'at Kirkuk", "Qala'at Kirkuk", "Qalaat Kirkuk", "Qalat Kirkuk", "Qalʿat Kirkūk"; pleiades:start_date -2950 . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "settlement"@en; skos:scopeNote "Equivalent to \"inhabited place\" as defined by the Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus: General term for places or areas occupied, modified, or planned to be inhabited by communities of human populations and that contain enough societal functions to be relatively self-sufficient. They are characterized by inhabitants living in neighboring sets of living quarters and by the place having a proper name or a locally recognized status."@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "1500 AD Middle East (AD 1500–1500)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME, Greece, Indus [[1500,1500]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "1st Millennium CE (1-1000 CE)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The First Millennium CE as defined by https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_millennium [[1, 1000]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "2nd Millennium BCE (2000-1000 BCE)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The second millennium BCE as defined at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_millennium_BC [[-2000, -1000]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Early Dynastic Mesopotamia (2950–2350 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "Mesopotamia [[-2950,-2350]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Late Ottoman Empire (AD 1683–1918)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME, Balkan, Northern Africa [[1683,1918]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Modern (AD 1700-Present)"@en; skos:scopeNote "Our present, modern era. [[1700, 2100]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Ottoman Decline-Mandate Middle East (AD 1900–1950)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME [[1900,1950]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Paleolithic Middle East (2600000–18000 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME [[-2600000,-18000]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Safavid Middle East (AD 1501–1725)"@en; skos:scopeNote "Eastern ME, Central Asia [[1501,1725]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Achaemenid Middle East (540–330 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME [[-540, -330]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Archaic (Greco-Roman; 750-550 BCE/BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The Archaic period in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is seen to begin in the year 750 and end in the year 550 before the birth of Christ. [[-750, -550]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Classical (Greco-Roman; 550 BC-330 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The Classical period in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 550 and end in the year 330 before the birth of Christ. [[-550, -330]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Hellenistic Greek, Roman Republic (330 BC-30 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The Hellenistic period in Greek history and the middle-to-late Republican period in Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 330 and end in the year 30 before the birth of Christ. [[-330, -30]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Late Antique (AD 300-AD 640)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The Late Antique period in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 300 and to end in the year 640 after the birth of Christ. [[300, 640]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Modern Middle East (AD 1918–2000)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME [[1918, 2000]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Neo-Assyrian/Babylonian Middle East (720–540 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "ME [[-720,-540]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Later 2nd Millennium BC Mesopotamia (1600–1000 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "Middle Assyrian/Middle Babylonian/Kassite Mesopotamia, LBA-Early Iron Age Mesopotamia, incl. Sea Peoples [[-1600,-1000]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Old Babylonian/Assyrian Mesopotamia (2000–1600 BC)"@en; skos:scopeNote "Mesopotamia [[-2000,-1600]]"@en . a ; owl:sameAs , ; skos:inScheme ; skos:prefLabel "Roman, early Empire (30 BC-AD 300)"@en; skos:scopeNote "The Roman period (i.e., the early Roman Empire) in Greek and Roman history. For the purposes of Pleiades, this period is said to begin in the year 30 before the birth of Christ and to end in the year 300 after the birth of Christ. [[-30, 300]]"@en .