Last Week in Pleiades (8-15 May 2023)

Ada / Adalar is a village in Southeast Anatolia. It is located a few kilometres southwest of Malazgirt in the Turkish province Muş. Nearby is a rock inscription of the Urartian King Minua (ca. 810-785/80 BCE), in which he reports the construction of a Canal named "Canal of Minua", which is still in use today. In Late Antiquity, the canal was attributed to the legendary Queen Semiramis by the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi (ca. 410–490s).
Creators: Birgit Christiansen; Carolin Johansson; Rune Rattenborg
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

In the area of the western outer wall of the prince’s palace in Assur, in lA9II, as well as in other parts of the palace, a library and an archive were found. Assur Archive 16 consists of at least 89 clay tablets, a small prism and two cylinder fragments, as well as an Aramaic docket. The texts date from 708 to 658 BC, with one text dating to the time of Adad-nirari I (1305–1274 BC). The texts mostly consist of incantations, including incantations for protection, against sickness or against an enemy. Other texts include prescriptions against sickness, a portion of the poem of the righteous sufferer, a hemerology, a list of eponyms, historical texts, as well as administrative documents such as a list of cow- and sheep-hides, a letter, a field purchase document, a legal settlement, and the Aramaic docket.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In the Old Palace of the city of Assur, excavators discovered a Neo-Assyrian archive consisting of 10 clay tablets. It includes multiple lists of charioteers.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

At the eastern corner of the large ziggurat in Assur, a group of clay tablets were unearthed in a house in area hB4V. Forty clay tablets were found above a sarcophagus, 25 clay tablets were also located nearby and either some or all of them could belong to the first group. Additionally, a clay pot, containing 13 tablets, was found in a door opening of a different house. The texts seem to form a library, except for the tablets in the pot, which formed a separate archive (Assur Archive 51). The library, dating primarily to the 7th century BCE, belonged to a family of scribes and mainly contained documents pertaining to that profession: lexical lists, astronomical and astrological texts, omens, incantations, other literary texts, and drafts or copies of royal inscriptions.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in Assur, cut into by the excavation trench 6III, researchers found the remains of a library and an archive, consisting of at least 136 tablets and possibly 52 more tablets. The texts date from the 8th and 7th centuries BCE. The two or three best-attested individuals in Assur Archive 19 held the title nargallu, "chief singer" or "musician". The library contained many hymns and similar texts, but also other literary texts such as myths, hemerological texts, royal inscriptions, and various lexical lists. The archive, mixed with the library, includes loan and purchase documents, as well as other texts.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in Assur, cut into by the excavation trench 8I, researchers found the remains of a library and an archive, consisting of at least 800 tablets, making it the largest library excavated in Assur. The library, mostly dating to the 7th century BC, belonged to a family of exorcists with ties to the Aššur temple. Under the floors of most of excavated rooms in this house, researchers found brick boxes with apotropaic figurines. The library consisted mainly of incantations and prescriptions, but also prayers, lists of stones and plants for medical use, lexical lists, hemerological texts, as well as texts concerning the ruler's attitudes to the cult and of the destruction and rebuilding of Babylon; additionally, texts such as ration lists form an archive.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In what seems to be a Neo-Assyrian layer inside a Parthian house in hC10IV, excavators found the remains of a library, consisting of about 20 fragmentary clay tablets. The largest group of texts are incantations, but the library also included a prayer, lexical lists and a list of persons, as well as a literary text detailing the netherworld vision of an Assyrian prince. One of the texts, a memorandum, dates to the reign of Sin-šarru-iškun (ca. 626–612 BC).
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In a private house in cD9II, excavators found the remains of a small library of 25 fragmentary clay tablets with a few other tablets nearby. Most of these are literary texts and date to the Sargonid period. The library consists of epics, an omen series, a commentary on an omen series, either a commentary or a vocabulary, and a list of persons. Possibly, the library also includes a king list and a text listing the duties of priests of the Aššur temple.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in Assur, cut into by the excavation trench eD10I, researchers found eight clay tablets and a stamp seal. One of the texts can be dated to 717 BC. The group of texts mostly includes school tablets, as well as a purchase document and an incantation in the form of a letter, written in Babylonian script.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Poppy Tushingham

In the northern corner, along the northwest town wall of Assur (bE4V, bD/E5I), researchers unearthed House 66 with an archive belonging to a family with the title ḫunduraya, a gentilic meaning "from Ḫundur". Another archive belonging to a related family of ḫunduraya was found nearby (Assur Archive 25). In House 66, a total of 86 clay tablets were found, including one docket. Of these, 64 tablets were found in Room k near the inner courtyard, while others were found in the courtyard and in the rooms to its southwest. Available datings range from 681 BC to the last years of the Assyrian Empire. The archive includes legal documents, such as loan documents concerning silver, textiles and straw, purchase documents, receipts, work contracts and juridical settlements.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In the northern corner, along the northwest town wall of Assur (bD5I, bC/D5II, bC5III), researchers unearthed Houses 67–68 with an archive belonging to a family with the title ḫunduraya, a gentilic meaning "from Ḫundur". Another archive belonging to a related family of ḫunduraya was found nearby (Assur Archive 24). In House 67 and 68, about 48 clay tablets and fragments were found. The tablets mostly date to the second half of the 7th century BC. The archive consists of loans, mostly concerning silver, work contracts, purchase documents and a juridical settlement.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

Southwest of the Adad ziqqurrat in Assur, in dE5V, researchers found 6 clay tablets, some of which had envelopes, in the remains of a destroyed private house. The archive, belonging to Dadaya, dates to the reigns of Aššur-etel-ilāni (ca. 630–627 BC) and Sin-šarru-iškun (ca. 626-612 BC) and mostly contains loan documents.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a house in Assur, between the southwest side of the Anu-Adad temple and the remains of the inner wall of Shalmaneser III, researchers found a small archive of 9 clay tablets and 6 clay envelopes in a clay pot (Room c in WHA). The archive dates the 8th and 7th centuries BC and mostly contain loan documents and receipts recording payments.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

The famous gold flash of lightning of Adad was found in the northern room of a small house in Assur (in eB5V), built into the recess of the southwest wall of the Anu-Adad temple. In the same room, 7 coiled lead strips with hieroglyphic Luwian texts, dating to Neo-Assyrian times, together with an Old Assyrian inscription on an alabaster slab were found. This archive, probably belonging to a man called Takasla, consists of 6 letters which are mostly concerned with the sending of different objects.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In the grave chamber and some other areas of House 33 (dB5IV), above the Middle Assyrian palace terrace, researchers found a small archive of 8 clay tablets. The archive contains purchase documents, a document concerning the division of inheritance, a receipt of payment, a list, and a letter of complaint.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In an unspecified place in cD6I, excavators found an archive of 8 complete clay tablets and 12 fragments. The archive contains purchase documents concerning slaves as well as loan documents concerning silver and barley. The only available dating is postcanonical, and dates to the reign of Sin-šarru-iškun (ca. 626–612 BC).
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a chamber of House 5 (dA6II), situated where "Ost Strasse" forks into two lanes, excavators found a small archive of 15 nearly complete and several fragmentary clay tablets. One fragmentary text seems to be a purchase document concerning the acquisition of a woman.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In House 9, in a room to the back of the main room of the house (in dA6IV), excavators found an archive of 14 clay tablets, three of them written in Aramaic. The house is situated next to another house containing an archive (Assur Archive 33). The available datings range from 675 BC to the years shortly before the fall of the city of Assur. All legible texts, belonging to an individual named Kakkullanu and others, are concerned with silver. Among these documents are loan documents and two texts, one of them in Aramaic, that list quantities of silver in connection with various persons, probably for internal administration.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In House 12, in the western corner of a room with graves (in dD6IV), excavators found an archive of at least 17 clay tablets, two of which were Aramaic dockets. Other clay objects, mostly of which are probably spindle whorls, were found there as well. The house is situated next to another house containing an archive (Assur Archive 32). The dates on of the texts range from 659 BC to the years shortly before the fall of the city of Assur. The best attested central person is an individual called Nagahi, an Aramaic name. The archive consists of at least 6 loan documents, two receipts of payments, three purchase documents, a juridical settlement and other texts.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

4 clay tablets were found in dA6IV in a private house. These tablets were found near House 12 (Assur Archive 33) and House 9 (Assur Archive 32). The archive dates to the 7th century BC. The group consists of 2 loan documents concerning silver, a list of oxen and textiles, and a purchase document concerning a slave.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Scattered around House 15 and the adjacent House 15a in eE6IV, excavators found an archive of more than 40 clay tablets. The available datings range from 687 BC to the years shortly before the fall of the city of Assur. The archive, belonging to Šarru-iqbi and others, consists of documents dealing with loans, a purchase document, a document concerning the adoption of a girl, and a fragmentary list.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In House 20, connected to "Westgasse" by a small alley-way, excavators found apotropaic clay figurines and plaques under the floor. Near a terracotta sarcophagus in cE6III, an archive of 14 clay tablets was found as well, either having been deposited there or having secondarily fallen down into it. Another clay tablet was found in cE6IV, with an additional tablet with similarities possibly also belonging to this group. The available datings are from the second half of the 7th century BC. The archive, belonging to Mutaqqin-Aššur, a doorkeeper, as well as others with the same title, consists mainly of loan documents, and also contains a purchase document and a juridical settlement.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In an unspecified area with private houses in c6, excavators found a small archive of 5 clay tablets. The available datings are from the 7th century BC. The archive, belonging to Nanunu, consists of loan documents and a purchase agreement.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In the street from the Tabira gate into the city (bE7I), excavators found a stone with inscription and small archive of 11 clay tablets in a secondary context. The archive may have belonged to a nearby house. Two tablets are dated to 686 B.C, and another is dated to 675 BC. The archive contains documents such as loans, a purchase document, a document concerning the dissolution of a marriage, as well as an adoption document.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a room northeast of the courtyard of a private house (in bE8I), excavators found an archive of 29 clay tablets. Two more texts may also belong here. Most of the texts date to the 7th century BC. The archive concerns individuals named Nabu-šar-ahhešu, Sagib-Aššur, and others. It includes both purchase documents and loans.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Just inside the inner town wall in bD8II, excavators discovered a grave chamber. Inside this grave chamber, with its partly destroyed roof, were 87 fragmentary clay tablets that fell down when the private house above was destroyed. Tablets from this archive date to the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Several of the texts are purchase documents, mostly of people.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Poppy Tushingham

In the ruins of a private house outside the inner town wall in cC9I, excavators discovered a small archive consisting of 3 clay tablets and fragments as well as one clay envelope, dating to the mid-7th century BC. These texts are loan documents, as well as one list, which is a harvest report.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a house in cD9II, built against the outside of the then-ruined inner town wall, excavators discovered an archive of 22 clay tablets and envelopes, 3 of them written in Aramaic. The texts date to the 7th century BCE. The archive, belonging Aššur-šallim-aḫḫe and others, consisted of loan documents, and other material, such as a juridical document, a letter, and a lump of clay with a seal impression.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Poppy Tushingham

In a house in dA9III, next to the outer surface of the ruined inner town wall, excavators discovered a room with a sarcophagus, two graves and a grave with sherds. In this room, they found an archive of about 38 clay tablets above the sarcophagus, one clay tablet in the grave with sherds and 3 fragmentary tablets in another sarcophagus just outside the ruined town wall. Whether the last group belongs to the same house is unclear. The archive, dating from 698 to the final years of the Assyrian Empire, probably belonged to a man called Nabu-šuma-iddina, although other men are attested as well. Texts include purchase documents concerning houses, slaves and fields, loan documents and juridical settlements, as well as some other types of documents, as well as a fragmentary tablet with the second half of a bilingual literary composition called Examination Text A.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In dD9IV, in the area of the ruined inner town wall where presumably private houses were located, excavators discovered a clay pot with around 12 clay tablets. Also in dD9IV, another clay pot with pieces of silver was found; a possible connection between these finds cannot be proven. The preserved datings are from the 7th century BCE. The archive, belonging to a man called Samidu with other men attested as well, appears to consist exclusively of purchase documents.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in dE9V above the ruined gate to the inner town wall, probably House 1 or just nearby, excavators discovered an archive of some 15 clay tablets. The majority of datings are from 707 to 681 BC, except for one dating: postcanonical 639* BC. The archive includes multiple documents concerning loans, as well as a letter and a purchase document.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a private house, between the southwest to northeast road and the Nabu temple, excavators discovered an archive of 43 clay tablets (eA7II). 44 clay tablets, which according to their content also belong to this archive, were found about 350 meters to the southeast in gE9I. Some additional tablets also belong to this archive. Finds from the house include a scarab and a bronze object decorated with a man in Egyptian style. This, considering the number of Egyptian names attested in the archive, suggest that the archive belongs to a group of partly assimilated Egyptians. Available datings are from the 7th century BC. The archive includes at least 22 loan documents usually concerning silver, purchase documents concerning people and houses, marriage documents and a division of inheritance.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in fC8I, excavators discovered a small archive of 7 clay tablets. Available datings range from 762 to postcanonical 622* BC. The archive, belonging to a family of tanners, consists of purchase documents, a juridical settlement, and two documents concerning inheritance.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in fD8I, excavators discovered an archive of 45 clay tablets and 37 fragments of clay tablets, some of which have since been joined together. Two more clay tablets were located nearby in the same level. The tablets date to the 7th century. The archive, belonging to Nabu-zera-iddina and other goldsmiths, consists of letters, loans, purchase documents, lists of personal names, textiles and amounts of silver, as well as notes and four ‘Median’ texts, among others.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In the area of private houses in gB9I, excavators discovered a small archive of 3 clay tablets and an envelope. The archive, dating between 655 and postcanonical 641* BC, consists of loan documents concerning silver and barley.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a private house in gD10I, excavators discovered a small archive 4 fragmentary clay tablets. The archive, dating to the 7th century BC, consists of juridicial settlements and a loan document.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

At the eastern corner of the large ziggurat in Assur, a library, belonging to a family of scribes, was unearthed in a house in area hB4V (Assur Archive 18). In a door opening of a small house nearby, excavators found a clay pot with 13 tablets inside. This separate archive belongs to Aššur-bissu-epuš and other men. It also dates to the 7th-century BCE. and contains various types of documents, including a juridical settlement and a document concerning the deposit of a chair.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Poppy Tushingham

In a fill from various rooms of a private house (in area eA8V), excavators discovered an archive of 75 texts, belonging to Duri-Aššur and his business partners. The archive consists of letters, purchase and loan documents, divisions of inheritance, and other legal documents, as well as administrative lists. Most of these texts are concerned with trade. The available datings suggest that Duri-Aššur and his business partners were active in the trade north of Assur from 651 to the destruction of the city in 614 BC. Notably, some documents exemplify the financial independency of Egyptian women in Assur.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a fill from private house in Room 1A2 (in area eA8V), excavators discovered an archive of 15 texts, belonging to a group of Egyptians. Some of these people have Egyptian names, others have Assyrian names. Available datings belong to a period of some 30 years in the mid-7th century BC. The archive consists of legal documents.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

In a private house, south of the Parthian Palace, near the western wall of the New City of Assur, excavators discovered an archive of 52 clay tablets. Of the 34 published tablets, most date to the postcanonical period. The only two exceptions date to 679 and 666 BC. and two tablets are undated. The archive, belonging to Aššur-matu-taqqin, contains purchase documents, loan documents, juridicial settlements, a letter, an adoption document, and others.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham

Monastery in southern Bulgaria founded in 1083 CE.
Creators: Gabriel Mckee
Contributors:

In the northeastern corner of Dur-Katlimmu stood a large building complex (Building F and W). While it has been described as a "palace", it was not a royal palace, as no royal inscriptions were found there. In Room B of Building F, an archive was discovered. It consists of 19 Aramaic dockets, previously attached to perishable material, one Aramaic tablet, five Neo-Assyrian tablets and an envelope, as well as a Neo-Babylonian letter in its envelope. More texts were found in nearby rooms, including another Neo-Babylonian tablet. The texts date between 676 BC and the end period of the empire.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In several rooms of the Red House, located in the central part of the lower town of Dur-Katlimmu, an archive of ca. 150 clay tablets inscribed in Assyrian cuneiform and ca. 50 tablets inscribed in Aramaic alphabetic script, along with many more small fragments, was discovered. The texts found at in the Red House date between 828 and 600 BC, after the fall of the Assyrian Empire. Many of the texts can be connected with a man named Šulmu-šarri, a contemporary of king Ashurbanipal (r. 668-ca. 631 BC). The texts pertaining to him were found in multiple rooms of the house (Rooms YV, CW, IW and XW), although texts were also found in other rooms. Several of the people who appear in the tablets found at the Red House bear military titles: a garrison was located at Dur-Katlimmu The four latest texts, Neo-Babylonian tablets dating from 603 to 600 BC, were found in Room XX. The texts include purchase documents, loans and juridicial documents.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

Extensive areas of rock-cut tombs in the vicinity of Falerii Veteres (modern Civita Castellana in Italy)
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

A Roman water feature at Acqui Terme dating to the Imperial period.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

The remains of a Roman theater located at Haidra, Tunisia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott

A Roman bridge crossing the Melfa river in Lazio, Italy.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

In the southwestern area of the tell of Šibaniba, an archive of 22 clay tablets, most of which date from 853 to 826 BC, was discovered. The archive consists of administrative documents dealing with matters concerning taxation. Only one of the tablets is a legal text, it documents the lease of a field in 830 BC.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

In the city of Tušhan, modern Ziyaret Tepe in Turkey, excavators discovered an Assyrian archive of 28 clay tablets, most of which were found in Rooms 9 and 10 of the administrative complex in the lower town. Weights, tokens, and sealings were found there as well, suggesting that the building served economic purposes. The majority of texts deal with administrative transactions of barley, as well as other commodities, such as copper, garments, and sheep. The archive seems to date to the final years of the empire. Indeed, one of the texts is a letter in which the writer describes the collapse of the administrative and military infrastructure around him.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:

A Late Republican to early Imperial coastal villa located at the mouth of the Fosso delle Guardiole near Castrum Novum. Two artificial fish ponds are associated with the villa.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 44 E3 Ad Flexum
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Di Maio 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

The Sanctuary of Agios Lot is located at the southeastern end of the Dead Sea.
Creators: S.T. Parker
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Lot's Cave (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Antium ranked as one of the most important and most powerful centers of Latium and was captured by Rome at the close of the Latin War in the fourth century B.C. Imperial Antium was well known for its number of coastal villas.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Ingrid Luo; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

In the southwest courtyard and nearby rooms of the Aššur temple, researchers found a library and an archive consisting of at least 301 clay tablets, mostly fragmentary, and possibly several hundred more. These tablets were concentrated in the northwest part of the courtyard, the northwest rooms and the Enpi gate, and some stone tablets and other inscribed objects were also found in this area. Tablets found in other parts of the Aššur temple complex also belong to Assur Archive 15. This includes at least 72 clay tablets, often fragmentary, as well as fragmentary clay prisms and cylinders. These tablets were mostly found in the southern part of the large forecourt, as well as west of the temple complex. The texts included in the library date from the Old Assyrian to the Neo Assyrian period, with a core of Middle Assyrian texts and contained cultic and hymnic texts, myths, omens, incantations, prescriptions, lexical lists, as well as hemerological, mathematical, astronomical and astrological texts. The dating of the archive is similar; it contained lists, decrees, letters and historical texts.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: edited; corrected URL for ATAE Assur 15 (N 1).
Actors: Tom Elliott

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 33 D1 Assuras
Creators: R.B. Hitchner
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert; R. Warner
Modifications: update references
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Astura fl. (Esla river)
Creators: E.W. Haley
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified location of Astura fl. (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Ayanis (or Ayanıs, now Ağartı Kalesi) is an Urartean fortress and settlement located 35 km north of Van on a rocky outcrop 250 m above Lake Van (1867 m above sea level). It was founded in the 7th century BCE under Rusa, son of Argišti, and was named Rusahinili Eidurukai ("The City of Rusa in front of Mount Eiduru"). Here two inscriptions of Rusa, son of Argišti (7th century BCE), have been found which report that Rusa cultivated the barren land, built the fortress and the city as well as a “tower temple” (“susi temple”) and a “Gate for the God Haldi” (A 12-01 and A 12-09).
Creators: Birgit Christiansen
Contributors: Carolin Johansson; Gabriel Mckee; Noah Kaye; Rune Rattenborg; Tom Elliott
Modifications: added Muşkara 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

The small town of Burmarina belonged to the area of the city Til-Barsip which was under Neo-Assyrian rule. An archive, consisting of about 130 clay tablets and fragments, including some bullae, was discovered in two rooms, presumably part of a private house, in Area F. Although most texts were written in Assyrian, some were in Aramaic, and some had short Aramaic notes written in ink. While most of the Assyrian texts were loan or purchase documents, the archive also includes short notes and a list. The Aramaic texts concern loans or are short notes written on bullae.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

A necropolis of Scolacium dating to the fifth through seventh centuries.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of necropole bizantina (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

The so-called Capitolium of Aquinum is found in the northwest part of the site. It may pre-date Roman colonization and it perhaps sacred to Iuno Regina.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Capitolium (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

The Roman Forum of Scylletium/Scolacium.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Forum of Skilletion (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

A brackish lake ca. 90 km southeast of Rome.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Lago di Fondi (Reimported full relation geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

This ancient name is probably to be associated with the modern Mahaweli, which is the longest river of Sri Lanka.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: title; update references, add summary; summary; created OSM location of Mahaweli River; created name "Mahaweli River"; created connection "Orientale Mare/Gangeticus Sinus/Eous Oceanus"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

The Monastery of Gelati was founded in 1106 in western Georgia. It was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Gabriel Mckee
Modifications: Publish externally; Submit for review; created OSM location of Gelati Monastery Complex; created name "Gelatʻis Monasteri"
Actors: Gabriel McKee; Tom Elliott

A Late Roman villa.
Creators: H.S. Sivan; R.W. Mathisen; S.J. Keay
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Villa Gallo-Romaine du Gleyzia
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Approximately 85 clay tablets were discovered in the eastern room of a house adjoining the tarrace of the northeastern palace of Guzana. The texts were found in a secondary context, probably as fill, and belonged to Mannu-ki-Aššur, Assyrian governor in Guzana during the first quarter of the 8th century BC. The archive consists of letters to and from the governor, as well as administrative lists concerning persons, animals, and objects.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Inside a clay pot, found in a private house east of the citadel gate of Guzana, excavators discovered the private archive of a man with an Aramaic name, Il-manani, dating to the last years of the Assyrian Empire. The archive consists of five Aramaic dockets concerning loans of barley, previously attached to perishable material, and five clay tablets written in Assyrian cuneiform, specifically three loan documents, one purchase document concerning a slave, and one legal settlement.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Heroonpolis, located at Tell el-Maskhuta, was an ancient Egyptian city of the Nile Delta.
Creators: A. Bernand
Contributors: Adam Prins; Brady Kiesling; Gabriel Mckee; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; Herbert Verreth; Jen Thum; Mark Depauw; R. Talbert; jfu
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; created OSM location of Tell el-Maskhuta
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

In Huzirina, about 400 clay tablets were discovered in a secondary position outside a private house with a central courtyard in area F. Likely, this library was previously located in the private house since a similar type of clay tablet was also found in the central courtyard. The library dates from 718 BC to the end of the Assyrian Empire and belonged to a family of šangû-priests: Qurdi-Nergal, his son Mušallim-Baba and others. The library consists of incantations, incantation rituals, medical texts, prayers, hymns and lexical lists, including god-lists.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

The Mamu temple of Imgur-Enlil was located on the northeastern side of the citadel. In Room 8, behind the secondary cella, an archive of 40 clay tablets, belonging to Šumma-ilu and Mamu-iqbi, was discovered. While most texts date to the first half of the 7th century, three texts are older – dating from 734 to 710 BC. The archive consists of debt-notes, leases, one purchase agreement and other legal documents.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Poppy Tushingham
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Two eighth-century-B.C. archives were excavated in Fort Shalmaneser, a building complex in the southeastern corner of the city Kalhu. One archive was located in Rooms NE 47–50 at the northern side of the northeast courtyard. It consists of about eighty unsealed administrative texts, including twenty-two horse lists and forty-eight wine lists. A few clay tablets were also found in other rooms nearby.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: edited
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

An archive repository was discovered in Rooms K, M, and S of the Governor's Palace at Kalhu. This group of 217 clay tablets belongs to five successive governors of the city and dates from 835 BC to 710 BC. Apart from one literary text and a perfume recipe, the tablets discovered in Rooms K and M are generally legal documents, whereas the tablets in Room S are administrative texts. and letters (usually addressed to the governors).
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Tom Elliott
Modifications: edit summary; added ORACC reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

In Room 8 (the throne room) of the Burnt Palace, as well as in adjoining rooms, British excavators found letters addressed to and from the eighth-century-BC Assyrian king Sargon II (721–705 BC).
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

The remains of a library containing about 280 clay tablets were found in and around Room NT12 the Nabû Temple (Ezida). These text date from 800 BC to 614 BC. The majority of the texts assigned to this archive repository were discovered in Room NT12 and the adjoining courtyard. Some texts, including fragments of seven wooden and ivory writing boards, were found in Rooms NT13 and NT14. This Neo-Assyrian ‘library’ house omen texts (79 tablets), incantation and medical texts (75 tablets), lexical lists (37 tablets), as well as some administrative texts, epics, hemerological texts, hymns, prayers, rituals, and royal inscriptions.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Among private houses in the north-east of the citadel, in Room 19 of House III, British excavators found forty-seven clay tablets, including two dockets, which might have been once attached to Aramaic texts written on perishable material (e.g., papyrus). This private archive belonged to the eunuch Šamaš-šarru-uṣur and a few other influential men. While most of the texts are loans of silver, corn, or birds, eleven of the texts are sale documents. There is also a list of silver and birds connected to different citizens of Kalhu.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Two eighth-century-B.C. archives were excavated in Fort Shalmaneser, a building complex in the southeastern corner of the city Kalhu. Eleven tablets were found in Room SW 6, a wine store. The archive contains wine lists, as well as notes about the delivery of wine to the palace.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Three seventh-century-B.C. archives were excavated in Fort Shalmaneser, a building complex in the southeastern corner of the city Kalhu. In the northern corner of the south courtyard, mostly in Rooms SE 1 and SE 10, British excavators discovered the archive of the rab ēkalli (“palace manager”). The archive consists of twenty-seven tablets, most of which are sealed. These documents are concerned with the rab ēkalli’s work as manager. The sealed clay bulla were attached to wooden objects such as boxes or writing boards and secured with a string.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Three seventh-century-B.C. archives were excavated in Fort Shalmaneser, a building complex in the southeastern corner of the city Kalhu. The archive from Rooms SE 14–15 consists of nineteen clay tablets, mostly purchase documents but also some loan documents, a release documents, a legal settlement, and a letter. One of the loan documents is written in Neo-Babylonian dialect, instead of the usual Neo-Assyrian dialect.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Three seventh-century-B.C. archives were excavated in Fort Shalmaneser, a building complex in the southeastern corner of the city Kalhu. In Room S 10, in the inner southern part of the palace, British excavators found the archive of the queen's household and of her šakintu (“woman manager”). The archive consists of eighteen clay tablets; most of the documents are sealed. The principal text categories found here are purchase documents, loans, and lawsuits.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Most documents found in the Northwest Palace, built by the Assyrian king Ashurnarsipal II (883–859 BC), predate the move of the new Assyrian capital to Dur-Šarrukin under Sargon II (721–705 BC). Four hundred clay tablets dating to the reign of Sargon II and some of his predecessors were found in Room ZT 4, on the northern side of the northernmost courtyard of the palace. That archive consists of letters to and from the Assyrian king, administrative texts, lists, short notes, records of payments, and one literary text. There were also two rows of open brick boxes in that room of the Northwest Palace; these might have been intended for the storage of clay tablets.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Most documents found in the Northwest Palace, built by the Assyrian king Ashurnarsipal II (883–859 BC), predate the move of the new Assyrian capital to Dur-Šarrukin under Sargon II (721–705 BC). Fourteen clay tablets and sealings, dating from 719 to 715 BC, were found in Room HH, in the southeastern part of the palace.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Most documents found in the Northwest Palace, built by the Assyrian king Ashurnarsipal II (883–859 BC), predate the move of the new Assyrian capital to Dur-Šarrukin under Sargon II (721–705 BC). An archive repository of 180 clay tablets were found in Room 57. These texts, which date from 800 to 736 BC, are mostly sale documents; there is also a list of oxen. The older documents in the archive generally deal with the purchase of slaves and houses, whereas the younger documents record the purchase of fields, some by servants of the queen.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

The fortified settlement of Kastri near Chalandriani on the Cycladic island of Syros is an important Early Cycladic II site. This fortified hill-top settlement is a very early example of a site in the Aegean with a fortification wall reinforced by means of stone bastions.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added Carter 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 6 E4 Kondochates fl.
Creators: M.U. Erdosy
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created connection "Ganges (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Founded as a colony by survivors of Sybaris after the destruction of the city in 510 BC.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: create DARMC citation to preserve cross-project linkage after retracting DARMC location; add Wikidata Q1805723: Laüs; update references; created OSM location of Parco Archeologico di Laos; modified name "Laos" (Greek orthography, Strabo reference, Baseline created); created connection "Laos (river)"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

The Laos River of southern Italy formed what ancient geographers reckoned as the boundary between Lucania and Bruttium. The river today flows some 51 km from its source near the Serra del Prete mountain to the Tyrrhenian Sea, into which it debouches near Scalea, Italy. The Argentino River, its main tributary, flows into it near Orsomarso.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN 1125965: Lao, Fiume (river); updated Connections, Names; update references, add Strabo, wikipedia; summary; modified OSM location of Fiume Lao (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance); created name "Laus amnis"; created name "Lao"; modified name "Laos" (Baseline created, update summary, add Greek orthography, time period, Strabo reference); created connection "Tyrrhenum/Inferum Mare"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Larsa (modern Tell as-Senkereh), a city located ca. 21 km east of Uruk, was an important southern Mesopotamian cult center of the sun-god (Utu/Šamaš). Its principal religious structure was called Ebabbar, just like the Šamaš temple in the northern Babylonian city Sippar. The Sumerian ceremonial names of some of Larsa’s other religious building are mentioned in two first-millennium-BC lists of ziggurats and some royal inscriptions, especially from the Isin-Larsa Period (ca. 2025–1763 BC) — when the city of Larsa temporarily became a dominant political power (ca. 1924–1763 BC) — and the Neo-Babylonian Period. The most important of these, at least in the sixth century BC, was the temple tower Edurana, which sometimes went by the name Eduranki. At the beginning of the second millennium BC (ca. 1924 BC), under a man called Gungunum (r. 1932–1906 BC), Larsa broke free of Isin’s dominance over it and established its own political dynasty. Although it grew more powerful than its former overlord, Larsa never accumulated a significant amount of territory. At its peak, under the authority of Rīm-Sîn I (r. 1822–1763 BC), it controlled only ten to fifteen other city-states. This city’s political dominance, as well as its dynastic line, was brought to an end by Hammu-rāpi of Babylon (r. 1792–1750 BC). After 1763 BC, Larsa was never again a major political player in Babylonia.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: added Le Doaré 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Longula was an early settlement of Latium Vetus, although its location is no longer known. A Volscian city, Longula was first taken by the Romans in 493 B.C. under the consul Postumus Cominius. It subsequently changes hands several times during the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. It likely lay between Ardea and Antium.
Creators: N. Purcell
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified name "Longola" (update reference)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

An archive, sold on the antiquities market, can be located at Ma’allanate. The site has not been precisely identified, but two suggestions have been made regarding its location. The first situates it in the upper Balikh valley, northern Syria, while the other places it further east, on the Habur River between Tell Halaf/Guzana and Al-Hasakah. Recent opinion favours the first location. 49 cuneiform tablets have been attributed to Ma’allanate. These are mostly written in Assyrian, but three use Babylonian script and dialect. In addition to these texts, 24 documents are written in Aramaic. The archive belonged to Ḫandi, who had the title “steward of the palace“and was active from 700 to 665 BC, his son Ḫarranayu, who was active from 661 to 644 BC, and Ser-nuri, active from 652 to 622 BC. The relationship between Ser-nuri and the father and son is unclear. The archive contains loan documents of silver and barley, payments of loans, purchase documents of slaves and land, and other documents.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott
Modifications: edit summary; added ORACC reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

Moregine, immediately to the south of the archaeological site of Pompeii, is the findspot of an important archaeological assemblage buried by seismic activity that preceded that final eruption of Vesuvius in A.D. 79.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of modern hamlet of Moregine (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

A small island in the Stagnone Lagoon of western Sicily, Motya has evidence for quite ancient settlement, including a significant Punic phase. The settlement on the island was destroyed by Syracuse in 379 BC. At one point the island was connected to the mainland via a causeway.
Creators: R.J.A. Wilson
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Jonathan Prag; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; Valeria Vitale; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: added Peripoli 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

The Palace of Sennacherib (South-Palace Palace) at Nineveh remained in use until the Assyrian capital was captured, looted, and destroyed in 612 BC. Numerous tablets discovered in Rooms XL and XLI, as well as in some of the adjoining rooms, nineteenth-century British excavators unearthed the remains of a library, including many clay tablets inscribed with literary texts. During the reign of Ashurbanipal (r. 668–ca. 631 BC), the last great king of Assyria, the tablets found in this archive repository were probably part of his tablet collection.
Creators: Jamie Novotny; Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

In the Palace of Sennacherib (South-West Palace) at Nineveh, in Room LXI, nineteenth-century British excavators discovered about 450 clay bullae. Most of these had seal impressions on one side and indications on their backsides that they were fastened with rope to perishable materials (for example, papyrus and leather). These bullae are probably the remains of an archive of Aramaic documents.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

In the Palace of Sennacherib (South-West Palace) at Nineveh, in Room LIV, nineteenth-century British excavators found the remains of an archive consisting of cuneiform tablets, some of which also included summary notes in Aramaic.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jamie Novotny
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

In the Palace of Ashurbanipal (North Palace), in Room C, nineteenth-century British excavators unearthed the remains of an archive of clay tablets. This find yielded records for military officers and possibly literary texts (although this has yet to be conclusively proven).
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Jamie Novotny
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

In the Palace of Ashurbanipal (North Palace), in the southwest corner nineteenth-century British excavators unearthed the remains of a library, including many clay tablets inscribed with literary texts. During the reign of Ashurbanipal (r. 668–ca. 631 BC), the last great king of Assyria, the tablets found in this archive repository were probably part of his tablet collection. Because these tablets were excavated very close to the Nabû temple (Ezida), which also had its own archival repository, some of the tablets thought to have come from the so-called “Library of Ashurbanipal” might have actually belonged to the neighboring Nabû temple. Today, the North Palace library material is not clearly differentiated from that of Ezida, due to the fact that the excavators did not provide detailed information about the exact findspots of the tablets.
Creators: Jamie Novotny; Thomas Seidler
Contributors:
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

A clay pot with about thirty clay tablets was found to the north of the Šamaš Gate at Nineveh, in a secondary context. The archive, whose texts are dated between 669 BC and the fall of Nineveh (612 BC), belonged to Ninurta-šarru-uṣur (“the son of the palace”), as well as to several other people, including some Egyptians. This small archive consists of loan and purchase documents, legal texts, as well as a piece of correspondence.
Creators: Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Jamie Novotny; Tom Elliott
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

A coastal Etruscan sanctuary that dates ca. 540-530 B.C. with additional architectural phases dating to the fourth through second centuries B.C.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Tempio Etrusco Punta della Vipera (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

The Roman amphitheater at Scylletium/Scolacium.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: modified OSM location of Anfiteatro di Skilletion (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

The Roman theater at Antium is most likely built in the second half of the first century.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Teatro Romano (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

A major sanctuary complex located west of the Theatre of Dionysus Eleuthereus on the south slope of the Athenian Acropolis.
Creators: Denitsa Dzhigova
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Gabriel Moss; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott
Modifications: update; modified OSM location of the Sanctuary of Asklepios at Athens (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

An eleventh century church near Aquinum built largely from spolia.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Madonna della Libera (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 D4 Tannus fl.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: update references; modified OSM Location of Pesipe river (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Now unlocated, Taurianos Skopelos seems to be a rock formation in the Vibonensis Sinus, known in modern times as Golfo di Sant’Eufemia. As described by Ptolemy, this place is probably near Temesa on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast. The compilers of the Barrington Atlas note that the ancient place may be the same as the modern "Scogli Isca", which is now incorporated in a protected marine habitat area administered by the Republic of Italy.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: add summary
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

An ancient city located on the west coast of Bruttium, just north of the Gulf of Hipponium.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Brady Kiesling; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: add TGN 6005874: Tempsa (deserted settlement); add Ptol. reference
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

In House C1 in the Lower City of Til-Barsip, 22 Assyrian clay tablets, as well as 2 Aramaic texts, were discovered in and around the doorway between Room XI and XII in a secondary position. The earliest text dates to 683 BC, during the reign of Sennacherib (704-681 BC), but most of the documents date later, to the reign of Ashurbanipal (668-ca. 631 BC). The archive belonged to a man called Hanni, with some of the texts also concerning a man named Ištar-duri, and consists of purchase and loan documents as well as some others, such as a juridicial agreement.
Creators: Poppy Tushingham; Thomas Seidler
Contributors: Tom Elliott
Modifications: added ORACC reference
Actors: Tom Elliott; Thomas Seidler

A Medieval coastal fort of the Frangipani.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Torre Astura (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

Site of a late Bronze Age village in Calabria.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: modified OSM location of Torre Mordillo (Reimported full node geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 46 E2 Traeis fl.
Creators: A.M. Small; I.E.M. Edlund Berry
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created OSM location of Torrente Trionto; modified connection "Ionios Kolpos/Tarentinus Sinus" (ctype flows into)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 43 B3 Troia?
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

An ancient place, cited: BAtlas 42 B1 unnamed bridge (W Ponte a Buriano, over R. Arno)
Creators: W.V. Harris
Contributors: Jeffrey Becker; Ryan Horne; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; R. Talbert
Modifications: created location "OSM location: Ponte del Romito"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott

Uruk was an ancient Sumerian (and later Babylonian) city located on the Euphrates river. At its height (ca. 2900 BC), Uruk's population may have topped 50,000 people and its walls enclosed an area of more than six square kilometers, making it the largest city in the world at that point in time.
Creators: A. Hausleiter; M. Roaf; R. Wenke; St J. Simpson
Contributors: Eric Kansa; Francis Deblauwe; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; B. Siewert-Mayer; DARMC; H. Kopp; P. Flensted Jensen; R. Talbert; W. Röllig
Modifications: added Le Doaré 2023
Actors: Tom Elliott

Nero built a villa and a port at Antium. The villa was subsequently expanded under Domitian and other later emperors.
Creators: Jeffrey Becker
Contributors:
Modifications: modified OSM location of Villa di Nerone (Reimported full way geometry and updated provenance)
Actors: Jeffrey Becker

The church of San Pancrazio was founded in the sixth century A.D. by Pope Symmachus. It stands beyond the Porta San Pancrazio on the Ianiculum. Below the church is a massive catacomb referred to as S. Pancrazio or Ottavilla.
Creators: L. Quilici; S. Quilici Gigli
Contributors: Johan Åhlfeldt; Jeffrey Becker; Sean Gillies; Tom Elliott; DARMC; R. Talbert
Modifications: edited; created name "Coemeterium Pamphili"; created name "Villa Pamphili"
Actors: Jeffrey Becker; Tom Elliott